Questions tagged [game-theory]
Puzzles that involve strategic decision making, usually involving either competitive or cooperative choices between a number of participants.
11
votes
2answers
511 views
2019 gold coins to share
You and your friend has found in total 2019 gold coins in a treasure hunt. Since your friend found the place to dig up, he deserves a bit more gold than you so you offer a game to share the coins to ...
14
votes
4answers
529 views
Racetrack designers, assemble!
Note: Turns out the intended answer to this doesn't work after all (see comments to Sconibulus's answer). The rules have been changed slightly after the fact to ensure there can be valid answers (see ...
8
votes
3answers
328 views
Four-in-a-line Puzzle
Disclaimer: This is an open-problem, I don't have a complete solution for this puzzle yet.
We are playing a $2$-player game: you as a challenger and me as a judge. Initially, there is an empty ...
5
votes
5answers
2k views
What is the optimal strategy for the Dictionary Game?
In the Dictionary Game, players take turns saying English words. The first player starts by choosing any word, which splits the dictionary in two parts. The next player chooses a part and picks a word ...
4
votes
2answers
226 views
100 prisoners' names in boxes, against smart warden
My question, which I do not know the answer to, concerns the classic 100 prisoners and 100 boxes puzzle, summarized below. The solution to this assumes the names are placed in boxes randomly, and gets ...
4
votes
1answer
303 views
Chess Massacre Variants-Play Find The Fastest Way?
I have thought up several variations of massacre chess.
Massacre chess is a game where almost every single move is a capture.
The idea here is that only the chosen type of piece can capture. It ...
5
votes
3answers
607 views
Should I kill all of my elves?
I've been playing a simplified variant of The Great Elf Game for a few days now and I'm struggling to identify an optimal strategy.
Rules:
You start with 12 elves. Each elf is sent to gather a tree ...
0
votes
1answer
84 views
A game of n players [duplicate]
There are n players. Each player has to choose an integer. The
winner is the one with the lowest integer that has not already been
chosen by another player.
What is the optimal strategy?
e.g....
7
votes
1answer
242 views
Paper, pencil and a bunch of bars
An entry for the Fortnightly Topic Challenge #40.
Alice and Bob are two rational players who are playing a simple pencil-and-paper game.
In the beginning, there are fifteen small vertical bars on ...
43
votes
4answers
5k views
Rock, Paper, Scissors and Trump
Alicia and Robert are two high-stakes gamblers who are playing a match of rock-paper-scissors. Each winning throw is worth 10 €, paid by the other player. These players have deep pockets, so matches ...
1
vote
2answers
635 views
Strategy in Coloring a 4x4 empty grid and the one who completes any 2x2 area of the grid is the loser
Alice and Bob are playing the following game: They have a 4x4 empty grid and take turns coloring one square each, starting with Alice. Assume that both players will colour the squares in with the same ...
7
votes
6answers
885 views
Single-pile Nim with Three Players
Three perfectly rational logicians (Alice, Bob and a Quetzalcoatlus) are playing a game. (Charlie couldn't make it, so he asked the Quetzalcoatlus to fill in for him.)
The rules are very simple:
...
7
votes
1answer
262 views
Given an $8×8$ square and a set, which contains the pentominoes and four $1×1$ squares
I have a game.
Given an $ 8 × 8 $ square and a set, which contains the pentominoes and four $ 1 × 1 $ squares. Players alternately pick one item from the set. Then players (starting with the player ...
1
vote
0answers
114 views
Solve american eagle statistics game [closed]
If you are one of 100 people playing American Eagle, a game where one person starts alone and has to tackle someone as people run past in order to "recruit" more tacklers for the next run across, and ...
7
votes
1answer
221 views
Domino Tiling Game
Two players are presented an $n\times n$ grid. They take turns placing a piece on the board until no more moves are possible. The last player able to make a move is the winner. The pieces are $2\times ...
6
votes
1answer
410 views
Games and Puzzles
Four teams take part in a week-long tournament in which every team plays every other team twice, and each team plays one game per day. The diagram below on the left shows the final scoreboard, part of ...
23
votes
3answers
2k views
Angels & Demons (Open question)
This puzzle was given to me by a friend of mine, who in turn heard it from someone else who neglected to provide the answer. The text of the puzzle as it was given to my friend is below:
Angels ...
8
votes
5answers
401 views
Two person game, choosing an integer between 1 and 30?
Suppose two players are playing a game. The first player chose an integer, n st. $n \in \left\{ 1,\ldots ,30\right\}$. The second player picks a different one. After that, a random integer x st. $x \...
11
votes
3answers
347 views
Dollar Auction with Perfect Logicians
The dollar auction is a famous game that shows how seemingly logical choices can end up with very illogical results. Wikipedia says the best strategy is not to play, which is probably true in most ...
12
votes
2answers
680 views
Winning strategy in a calendar game
Consider a two-player game. The players move in turns to pick either a month or a day. The winner is the player who picks the date December 31 ($12/31$). The following rules apply:
The game starts ...
5
votes
1answer
424 views
Three Cowboys, 11 bullets
While seeing a previous question not very well explained, a variant has emerged. I guess it wasn't intended by the OP but I find the variant even more interesting than the original one.
Let me ...
7
votes
4answers
619 views
Higher or lower?
The game “Higher or Lower” is a simple one in which playing cards are drawn randomly from a deck, and the player has to guess whether each subsequent card will be higher or lower in value than the ...
1
vote
1answer
377 views
What is best strategy to multiple turn prisoners dilemma, when your opponents actions are hidden?
Best strategy for multiple turn prisoners dilemma is called tit for tat you start with cooperation and then repeat your opponents answer from previous turn.
Is ...
5
votes
2answers
455 views
It's a Vote! Everybody Out!
There is a country ruled by a ruthless Emperor. He has a plan to make people miserable by ridding himself of the most popular members of the population.
Every month, each person in the ...
1
vote
1answer
163 views
Another Unconventional Dice Blackjack game - is Nash equilibrium here?
This question is similar to This Dice Blackjack game - is there Nash equilibrium?, but the game rules are completely different.
This Dice Blackjack is game for two. It is also played with fair six-...
0
votes
3answers
360 views
This Dice Blackjack game - is there Nash equilibrium?
This dice Blackjack is game for two - bettor and dealer. It is played with fair six-sided dice.
Bettor:
Bettor starts the game.
Bettor can roll dice as many times he/she desires while the sum of ...
4
votes
1answer
169 views
Turn based Number game
You and a friend take turns saying positive integers greater than one. You can't say a number that is a multiple of previous numbers or a sum of multiples of previous numbers. For example, if A says 3 ...
9
votes
1answer
636 views
Pirate Puzzle Double Twist
Five pirates, fresh from their first bout of pillaging, return to their island base to celebrate and divide up the treasure.
While this was their first time working together, the start of what they ...
2
votes
1answer
162 views
Coins in a row, without the usual restriction
I had been asked the following question:
n coins are placed on a line such that they touch each other. A move consists
in taking either one coin, or two adjacent (touching) coins. Solve the standard
...
0
votes
1answer
267 views
Five coins on a 15x15 board
[Note: this puzzle is derived from a coding contest question at HackerRank. The question is no longer in active use there. It was originally posted with content copied-and-pasted directly from there, ...
-4
votes
2answers
557 views
Optimal running-time tic-tac-toe algorithm
A perfect tic-tac-toe AI/algorithm would ideally never lose, but only win or draw, 100% of the time.
Imagine that you play against once such algorithm, and it calculates the next move to make.
Is ...
31
votes
6answers
5k views
Will a greedy algorithm solve Tatham's Flood?
I was just investigating some of the puzzles on Simon Tatham's website, and came across Flood, in which we start with an $n\times n$ grid of cells each of which is filled with one of $k$ predetermined ...
2
votes
5answers
467 views
Coin Splitting Game [closed]
There are 8 coins to be divided between A and B. A first makes an offer of how to divide the 8 coins between them. If B refuses A’s offer, then now it is B’s turn to make the offer, but this time 4 ...
3
votes
2answers
155 views
Which player wins in this takeaway game?
Two players A and B play a game where they take turns removing 1,4, or 5 coins from a pile of n coins, A moving first. The player who takes the last coin wins. Who wins when: n=18, n=41, n=56?
This ...
14
votes
5answers
500 views
Frugality 101: How to Replace Your Police Force with Cardboard Cutouts
In the far away land of Frugalia - a land where the conservation of money has been elevated to the status of any of Newton's laws - a conundrum is being had. There has been an upsurge in citizens ...
7
votes
4answers
515 views
'Companion Planting' Logic Puzzle - Is there an elegant solution?
Problem: You're a vegetable gardener planning to plant out seedlings in a new garden bed, however your farmer's almanac has outlined a system of rules about what plants can and cannot be placed next ...
9
votes
1answer
243 views
Who Wins At Horsie-Push?
Allan, Brian, and Charlie had a chess set and an afternoon with nothing to do. A chess tournament was suggested but to three towering intellects such as these, regular chess is a frivolous, juvenile ...
8
votes
1answer
699 views
Reverse Puzzling 3
This is a continuation of Reverse Puzzling 2
"Okay George, let's try this one. Pretty simple."
I gave George the puzzle. He picked up his marker and quickly sketched out the following.
"Well... I ...
4
votes
3answers
1k views
In a Guess The Color game, what's the optimal strategy?
Here's a one-player card game:
We begin with a shuffled card deck
The player try to guess the color of the card at the top (black or red)
If the player guess right, he can keep the card. Else the ...
1
vote
7answers
349 views
The Buzzer Game [closed]
Two players, A and B, are each given air horns. Also present is a device which will at some random point produce a noise. If the device produces a noise before either player, they die. If both players ...
6
votes
2answers
717 views
The Fanatic Fever(twist on the 5 pirates puzzle)
While raiding a tropical island, 6 pirates have an incredibly unlucky day.
While they scoured the island in search of treasure, one of them was infected with the Fanatic Fever, a disease which hits ...
55
votes
5answers
4k views
Who shall come to the tea party?
All of your stuffed animals are assembled, anxiously waiting to learn who will be be invited as the Guest of Honor to your next tea party.
This is to be an exclusive party, after all, as there is ...
8
votes
6answers
1k views
Devious auction game
Saw this on TV today:
A man is auctioning a real $20\$$ bill. There are a vast number of
bidders. A person may make as many bids as he wants. The starting bid
is $5\$$. No $2$ bids must be ...
0
votes
0answers
143 views
How many cheating husbands? [duplicate]
There is a matriarchal town which believes that a prophetic stranger will tell the wives whether any of the husbands are cheating. The stranger will only say yes if there are any and no if there are ...
-6
votes
2answers
352 views
Checkerboard piece inverting game
Marco and Leonardo decided to play a game on a checkerbard of 4×4 squares.
The board is initially filled with two-sided identical coins.
The game notes that these two players play turns alternatively ...
4
votes
4answers
499 views
Question about 1 on 1 on 1
Warning: Most of my posts are riddles disguised as something else. For those who have enjoyed my contribution and are expecting more, DO NOT try to guess that the answer is a tugboat, geese, or the ...
12
votes
3answers
2k views
Tic-tac-toe 1000 in a row
Consider a variant of Tic-Tac-Toe and Gomoku on a board that's infinite in every direction. X wins by getting a line of 1000 X's ...
3
votes
2answers
659 views
How to generalise Partition of the pie for N envy people?
There is well known task:
How to divide a pie between two people, so each will think that he got equal or more that the other one?
It has the following solution:
I know that it is possible to ...
32
votes
2answers
2k views
The Nuclear Missile Standoff
Three world powers have just entered a nuclear war!
They have been waiting for this day for decades; everyone has their nuclear missiles ready to fire, and only need to choose a target.
The Chinese ...
22
votes
2answers
1k views
In iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, how would a change in the payoff matrix affect strategy?
Quick summary of the Prisoner's Dilemma: Two criminals are charged with a crime. Each is given an opportunity by the police to confess.
If they both stay silent, they don't have enough evidence to ...
