If we
shift the image 64 pixels and XOR it with itself...
The clear message "MOD 17" appears.
Next,
look at the pixel values mod 17. Since they're all grayscale, all three values are the same, and so this sorts them into 17 groups. Making a new grayscale image (0 = black, 16 = white) produces this:
You may notice two things:
(1) Some of the pixels are colored. The colored pixels are the odd results modulo 17.
(2) There are some patches of unmodified pixels. These are slightly off-grayscale.
Oh right, and we're being directed to another image.
Part 2
Another stereogram...
...and it says MOD 15 this time. Well, rinse and repeat.
So we're being redirected to... puzzle 114365, which is this very question. Huh.
Part 3
Now we have three characters from the first image, and two from the second; their spacing suggests that we interleave them.
This leads us to https://i.sstatic.net/5MahY.png, which tells us that it is the end of the puzzle.
(Incidentally, the background image here is Lenna, another well-known image.)