Prompted by How to make 21?, I wondered what numbers you can form with the allowed numbers and operations.
Generally, what numbers cannot be formed with a combination of 4 given numbers and the operators +, -, *, /?
More specifically, what is the lowest positive integer that cannot be formed with 1, 5, 6, 7 and the operators +, -, *, /. Parentheses are permitted and each number must be used exactly once.
Edit: Note that concatenation is not permitted. e.g. you cannot get 71 via 76-5*1.
16 is the lowest. $$\begin{align} 1 &= \frac{5+7}6-1\\ 2 &= \frac6{7+1-5}\\ 3 &= \frac{1\times 6}{7-5}\\ 4 &= (5-1)\times(7-6)\\ 5 &= 5+1+6-7\\ 6 &= \frac{7-1}6 + 5\\ 7 &= 7+6-1-5\\ 8 &= 7+\frac6{1+5}\\ 9 &= 7+6+1-5\\ 10 &= (7-5)\times(6-1)\\ 11 &= (7-5)\times 6-1\\ 12 &= (7-5)\times 6 \times 1\\ 13 &= (7-5)\times 6+1\\ 14 &= (6+1-5)\times 7\\ 15 &= \frac6{\frac75-1} = \frac6{2/5}\\ \end{align} $$
This was done using a computer program to enumerate all possible numbers achievable and then seeing the results.
For extra credit the largest possible is:
252
The algorithm used to do this was as follows:
Starting with four numbers:
Define an operation as having a left and a right number and an operation. We have four possible left numbers and four possible right numbers but we can't choose the same one twice so we have 12 number combinations.
For each of these apply the operator to get a new number. Take the used numbers out of the set and add in the new number. The new number needn't be an integer.
We now have 48 sets of three numbers. Apply the same principle to find the 1152 (not necessarily unique) sets of two numbers that can be made. Repeat until you have the 9216 possible combinations of numbers and operators.
Then from this set eliminate all the undesirables (ie non integer results). Look at list. Profit.
To see the code go look at http://pastebin.com/HEuKHhsv. Its written in C# and designed to run in Linqpad (for ease of coding). Its not written to be readable necessarily but is written verbosely enough to satisfy myself that it is working as intended. :)
Also for interest the ones under 50 that can't be done are:
16
20
25
26
27
33
39
45
49
50
And there are 181 positive numbers under 252 that cannot be made using this method (I hope or something in my program went wrong).
I cannot make 15 using these numbers and the given operations.
Adding all numbers gives 19, since we cannot make 15 by taking away 1, one of the other numbers have to be taken away, so addition cannot do it, subtraction wont work with addition either.
If we go to multiplication, then 5 x 3 is the only way to do it, if we take away 5, then 3 cannot be formed with 6 7 and 1, at least thats what I cannot see, so I will leave it here till someone disproves me (there are technical combinations like 6 x 2.5 etc which I cant seem to find a way to achieve)
I just started finding a solution for each one, 15 is the first one I can't come up with a solution. (followed by 16, 20...
ETA (apparently there is a 15 added it in)
(7+5)/6 - 1 = 1
(7+5)/6 * 1 = 2
(7+5)/6 + 1 = 3
(6+5-7) * 1 = 4
(6+5-7) + 1 = 5
((7*5) + 1)/6 = 6
(6+7-5) - 1 = 7
(6+7-5) * 1 = 8
(6+7-5) + 1 = 9
(7-6+1) * 5 = 10
(7-5) * 6 - 1 = 11
(7-5) * 6 * 1 = 12
(7-5) * 6 + 1 = 13
(6-5+1) * 7 = 14
6/((7/5)-1) = 15
(6+7+5) - 1 = 17
(6+7+5) * 1 = 18
(6+7+5) + 1 = 19
6 / (1-(5/7)) = 21
((6*5)-7) - 1 = 22
((6*5)-7) * 1 = 23
((6*5)-7) + 1 = 24
Edited to add in the solution for 21 and 15
WITHOUT BRACKETS
Without the use of brackets you can make the following numbers:
-37 -36 -29 -28 -23 -22 4 6 8 23 24 29 30 36 37 38 40 41 46 47
All positive integers are:
4 6 8 23 24 29 30 36 37 38 40 41 46 47
So the lowest positive digit without brackets is 1
Anybody interested in all the possible equations that result in integers (there are 252 of them) can look here:
0 is neither positive nor negative, this is why the answer is 1 not 0
**WITH THE USE OF BRACKETS*
Also note I repeated operators here.
Using brackets you can achieve a wider range of numbers, you can achieve 1 through 15 and many more. Too many to cover a list of equations like the pastebin in the without brackets section.
((7+5)/6)-1=1
6/(1-5+7)=2
(6*1)/(7-5)=3
(7-6)(5-1)=4
(5+1+6-7)=5
(7-1)/(6+5)=6
(6+7-5-1)=7
(6/(1+5))+7=8
(6+7+1-5)=9
(6-1)(7-5)=10
(6-1)*(7-5)=11
(6*1)(7-5)=12
(6+1)(7-5)=13
7*(6+1-5)=14
6/((7/5)-1)=15
16 is impossible to achieve like this. You can continue going up until 252, then it becomes impossible to get a higher numbers.
Possibly:
212, since (5 * 6 * 7) + 1 = 211, which seems to me to be the largest number you can make, so one beyond that would be the smallest number you cannot make.
