From some US states, one may travel straight south and get into some Canadian province or territory (of course without crossing the equator).
What are these nine "US state $\to$ Canadian province/territory" pairs?
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$\begingroup$ It would probably be cheating if we tried to use Maryland -> Embassy of Canada, wouldn't it? (Doubly so since despite popular belief; embassies are not sovereign territory of the represented state)... $\endgroup$– AlexanderCommented Feb 12, 2015 at 16:11
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$\begingroup$ @Alexander Yes, it would. Also because even if it were sovereign territory, it isn't part of any Canadian province or territory, so it wouldn't fit the criteria of the question. $\endgroup$– KSmartsCommented Feb 12, 2015 at 16:36
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$\begingroup$ @KSmarts So if it's sovereign territory it wouldn't be territory? (Depends how you read the word - the question doesn't make it explicit - and this is puzzle.se, so misdirection abound...) $\endgroup$– AlexanderCommented Feb 12, 2015 at 16:44
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$\begingroup$ @Alexander It could be sovereign territory without being part of a territory. Much like how Washington D.C. is part of the United States despite not being a part of any one of the States. But that's not really relevant, since embassies don't have foreign sovereignty anyway. $\endgroup$– KSmartsCommented Feb 12, 2015 at 16:48
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$\begingroup$ @KSmarts Right, I was pointing out the word "territory". He never made it explicit that it was a territory in the same sense as a "State" from the US with an individual name and borders internal to the country as opposed to the usage of the word "territory" in the phrase "sovereign territory". He never made it explicit. That was my point. It doesn't have to be part of a territory. As written it just has to be territory - not a territory. ... which it isn't... which was the whole point of the original comment. Bringing us full circle. YaY. $\endgroup$– AlexanderCommented Feb 12, 2015 at 16:59
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2 Answers
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Assuming that one state to two different Canadian territories counts as two pairs (and by the presentation of the question, I think it does), then Novarg actually has six, and I think I have the other three.
Point Roberts, Washington is directly north of Saturna Island, British Columbia
A large portion of the border between New Hampshire and Quebec is defined by Halls Stream, which leads to several small points along the border where NH is directly north of QC, particularly near the north end of the river.
Mt Hubbard, in the Saint Elias Mountains, lies on the border between Alaska and Yukon. The border travels roughly SSW from there to Mt Seattle, so the Alaskan area around Mt Hubbard is directly north of Yukon.
The main difficulty with this question was finding the specific points. Most of the US-Canada border is defined strictly by latitude and longitude, so it is impossible for those areas to have part of the US directly north of Canada. This eliminates Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, and Vermont as possibilities, as well as the Minnesota-Manitoba and New York-Quebec borders.
That leaves eleven pairs of US states and Canadian territories that share a border. Ohio and Pennsylvania only border Ontario along Lake Erie, so they clearly don't fit the requirements either. That only leaves nine border pairs. And since your question says that there are nine pairs in the answer, these must be them:
Alaska$\to$Yukon
Alaska$\to$British Columbia
Washington$\to$British Columbia
Minnesota$\to$Ontario
Michigan$\to$Ontario
New York$\to$Ontario
New Hampshire$\to$Quebec
Maine$\to$Quebec
Maine$\to$New Brunswick
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Here are the ones I found so far:
1. Alaska, Prince of Wales Island -> Graham Island
2. Minnesota, Voyageurs National Park(where Kettle Falls hotel is) -> Oakpoint Island/Kettle Island/Moose Island/etc(I guess those islands count as one territory, there are 6 islands according to google maps)
2.1 Minnesota, Norway Island/Burnt Island Campground -> Some unnamed Canadian ground(but since it's still Minnesota, I guess it doesn't count as 3
3. Michigan, Detroit -> Windsor, Ontario
4. New York, Buffalo (very west part of it) -> Niagara falls/St. Catharines
5. Maine (the part that stick out north, either very west or very east) -> Quebec at very west and Fredericton at very east
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$\begingroup$ Since the question specifies State$\to$territory pairs, I think Maine might count as two. $\endgroup$– KSmartsCommented Feb 12, 2015 at 14:53
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$\begingroup$ @KSmarts then I could count all islands from 2 and add 2.1 and I'd have 12 in total $\endgroup$– NovargCommented Feb 12, 2015 at 15:09
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1$\begingroup$ No, because all of those points are part of Ontario, which still leaves you with just one State/Territory pair. $\endgroup$– KSmartsCommented Feb 12, 2015 at 15:33