A puzzle related to mathematical facts and objects, whose solution needs mathematical arguments. General mathematics questions are off-topic but can be asked on Mathematics Stack Exchange.
Mathematics is the study of abstract topics as:
and also has applications in computing and finance.
There is a selection of mathematical puzzle-making tools at A collection of Puzzling Tools on the meta site.
Mathematical problems, as opposed to mathematical puzzles, are considered off-topic. Consider posting them on our sister sites Mathematics Stack Exchange or MathOverflow instead (depending on level).
Puzzling.SE uses MathJax to format any maths in posts.