We have multiple hints in the text which lead to Fidel castro and cuba

1) in the mountains, just us 3 - Castro fled with Che Guevara and his brother into the Sierra maestro mountains
2) stars symbolized castro
3) will they find us - cubas president looked for castro when a coup failed
4) we have nothing as defense - Castro didn't have any weapons after they fled 
5) the plan failed should be clear by now 
6) won at the very end, Castro was president of Cuba and i think the son of his brother is president right now 
7) as mentioned in the answer Russia supoorted Cuba against the US