I think I've got the answer, helped in large part due to Quantoss' initial thoughts.
As Quantoss noted, there are three encryption strategies: countries, car companies, and people. Specifically, given the theme of the puzzle, these are the nine top countries by GDP per capita, the nine largest car companies, and the nine wealthiest individuals. In order, they are:
Countries: QA, LU, SI, BR, IR, NO, UN, KU, SW
Car companies: TO, VO, ME, GE, FO, HO, SA, BM, NI
People: JB, BG, WB, BA, CS, AO, LE, MZ, MB
So,
Each of the numbers can be obtained by substituting the country/company/person with their rank order. That is, 1 is QA in the top row, TO in the middle row, and JB in the bottom row.
Furthermore,
The colors also stand for specific numbers. Red is 1, Blue is 3, Green is 5, and Yellow is 9. We can fill all of this in and solve the rest of the Sudoku easily.
Solution:
IR | SI | BR || NO | UN | KU || SW | QA | LU ||
NO | UN | LU || QA | SW | IR || SI | BR | KU ||
QA | SW | KU || SI | BR | LU || IR | NO | UN ||
-----------------------------------------------------------
BM | FO | NI || SA | HO | TO || GE | VO | ME ||
GE | VO | HO || BM | FO | ME || SA | NI | TO ||
SA | TO | ME || NI | VO | GE || BM | FO | HO ||
-----------------------------------------------------------
MB | AO | JB || CS | WB | LE || BG | MZ | BA ||
BG | MZ | LE || BA | JB | MB || AO | WB | CS ||
WB | BA | CS || BG | MZ | AO || JB | LE | MB ||
(Formatting is a mess, any tips on making the solution more readable are appreciated!)