In which year could he have been born? (A) 1936 (B) 1764 (C) 1600 (D) 1444
The answer's (C). Why?
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3$\begingroup$ The answer's (C), but I guess the question kinda gives it away. $\endgroup$– AnnoszCommented Jun 5, 2019 at 11:12
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3$\begingroup$ A related puzzle ... that said, did you find this in a book or somewhere and you need help with the explanation, or what? $\endgroup$– Rand al'ThorCommented Jun 5, 2019 at 12:38
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$\begingroup$ Sorry for not clarifying, I needed an explanation. And no, I did not find it in a book. My friend asked it from me. $\endgroup$– General KenobiCommented Jun 6, 2019 at 8:46
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1$\begingroup$ I think you've made a pretty big assumption about the lifespan of this king. For example, (A) could easily be the answer, provided the king lives for 1089 years. $\endgroup$– Ian MacDonaldCommented Jun 6, 2019 at 15:14
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2$\begingroup$ @Randal'Thor Of course, the OP never said the King was Human. Could be an immortal jellyfish. $\endgroup$– TezraCommented Jun 6, 2019 at 16:38
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2 Answers
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Given that the question contains its own answer, presumably what's wanted here is an explanation, so here is one.
Suppose the king is born in year $a^2$, lives $b^2$ years, and dies in year $c^2$ then we have $a^2+b^2=c^2$ (note: we'd better assume he lives an exact integer number of years, because otherwise this equation could be off by one).
There is an easy and stupid solution: we can take $b=0$ (this makes some assumptions about the rules of succession in the country whose king we're talking about!) in which case any perfect-square year will do. I assume we're not supposed to do this :-).
Otherwise, note that the next square after $a^2$ is $a^2+2a+1$, and the next is $a^2+4a+4$. Here we have $a\simeq40$ and assuming our king is human his year of death is going to have to be $a^2+2a+1$ because $4a+4$ is too big to be anyone's age at death, which means that $2a+1$ is a square.
The values of $a$ are, in order, 44,42,40,38; so the values of $2a+1$ are 89,85,81,77. The third of these is a square and the others aren't.
(None of the other numbers there is within 1 of being a square, so actually we don't need to assume that the king lives an exact integer number of years after all.)
answered Jun 5, 2019 at 11:45
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5$\begingroup$ About the eventuality of b=0, this guy was born 20 years to late : en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I_of_France $\endgroup$– EvargaloCommented Jun 5, 2019 at 15:10
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So, the answer is C) 1600, which is $40^2$.
Ignoring the trivial case where he died the year he was born, $40+1=41$ so $41^2=1681$ (by definition a perfect square).
$1681-1600 = 81$ years, which is a reasonable life span and is $9^2$.
This is the easiest math puzzle ever! All I did was add 1 and it solved itself! :3
(Gareth was first, but this is a much simpler method. ^^;)
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$\begingroup$ I don't think this is a simpler method than Gareth's. It is the same method, but without the demonstration that this is the only solution. $\endgroup$– EvargaloCommented Jun 6, 2019 at 15:31
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$\begingroup$ @Evargalo As Ian mentioned, living for 1089 years would make A valid (we were not told how old the king could live to be, or that he is human), so strictly there are other solutions. Also, Gareth solved for the years lived (I think, he lost me on "The values of A are"); At the very least, I think this is simpler for non-math people to follow. (it's easier to verify assertions of fact than a proof) $\endgroup$– TezraCommented Jun 6, 2019 at 16:52
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1$\begingroup$ But the question wasn't "what's the solution". Indeed, the solution was given in the question. The question was "why is this the solution", indicating the OP wants an explanation of why that (and, one can safely infer, why only that) is a solution. You've answered the problem in the question, but not the question itself. $\endgroup$– Rubio ♦Commented Jun 6, 2019 at 23:32