Final Answer
We know the final solution is:
The Quadratic Formula
Like so:

First two pictures
As hinted, the musical note (a 'G' in the treble clef) relates to "a name I call myself" which itself relates to the third note in the Solfège system, 'mi' (see Do-Re-Mi from The Sound of Music). The second image is part of a "frisbee", which would give us the 'is b' we need as the first term in the formula.
So with "mi" + (n) + "is" (sounds like us) + "b", we get "minus b" or $-b$
Third picture
Credit to @Matthew Barber, who discovered that "The Chinese for Saturn is 土星, the first part of which looks a bit like the ± sign.", which gives us our $±$ symbol
Fourth picture
The rotation symbol gives us "rot", and the inner symbol looks like a zero, which gives us a second 'O' to make "root", or $√$
The first icon inside the circle is a 'B' chord for a guitar, but "squared", which gives us the $b^2$
The second icon inside the circle is 4 air-conditioners (credit to @Hugh for spotting that). Commonly abbreviated to 'AC', this would give us $4ac$
Together with the minus symbol in the picture, we get $√b^2 - 4ac$, also known as the 'discriminant'
Bottom picture
This is 2 A's, but because they are "under" all the other pictures, we could say that the top row is "over $2a$", giving us the bottom of the formula