I agree with Glorfindel, it's definitely possible to create such puzzles.
However, there's at least one particular kind of grouping pattern that will immediately cause the resulting to grid to be un-sudoku-able:
In the diagram there's a region (the one with the small red dots) that's completely contained within other regions that all overlap somewhere outside the contained region. Such overlap can be seen in the small rectangular area marked with $\color{red}{\boxed{\textbf{A}}}$.
In the picture, there are two such areas doing the containing and overlapping (the pink one and the solid black one), but there could, in theory, be more than two such areas involved.
The red region consists solely of those parts of the pink and black regions that are not $\color{red}{\boxed{\textbf{A}}}$. The red region therefore cannot contain anything that's in $\color{red}{\boxed{\textbf{A}}}$ either, so it's impossible to fit any kind of sudoku onto this pattern.
There are other, more (or less) subtle ways to mess up the groupings so that they cannot be sudoku-ed, but this seemed to be the simplest interesting one.