I think the answer is
Saturn
because
It is the 6th planet of solar system and has 62 moons
Explanation:
The first part of the puzzle is this:
Black stripes on the cube signify black polygons:
At this point the cube starts to resemble an unfinished soccer ball. It's time to attach more polygons:
And even more polygons!
Looks good. Now, let's look at this part:
This scheme makes me think that those symbols under the polygons are numbers. Then, let's count the polygons!
In total: 6 double hexagons, 8 normal hexagons and 12 pentagons.
Thus, there are 8 objects (+1 tiny) and we're interested in the 12-6 = 6th one.
But what objects are we counting?
Let's look at this:
The question mark with some objects in the middle just means "What shape?". Our cube is a soccer ball, which is a "hollow truncated icosahedron". But from the practical point of view it's just a sphere.
So, we're counting spheres. We have some unknown object and 8 spheres and 1 tiny sphere. This highly resemples our solar system: black circle = Sun, 8 spheres = planets, tiny sphere = Pluto, arcs below = orbits.
Thus, sixth sphere = Saturn? Look at following part:
There are 62 dots and Saturn has 62 moons. Black ring may designate Saturn's rings.
And the huge question mark below that drawing unambiguously shows that the thing depicts an object we're looking for.
The answer is Saturn. Puzzle solved!
Edit: Added better explanation.