It is I all should thank
who gives you so much powerIn the age of the ankh
I was loved by the sowerHigh up the firmament
beyond the greatest towerBe it any instant
half a world I devour
Probably a little easy.
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The sun
It is I all should thank who gives you so much power
No life without the sun's energy (= power)
In the age of the ankh I was loved by the sower
The Egyptian sun god Ra. The ankh was an important symbol in that era.
High up the firmament beyond the greatest tower
The sun is high in the sky, way beyond mortal reach.
Be it any instant half a world I devour
One half of Earth has the sun (day), the other does not (night)
New answer
The sun!
Old answer
Shade or a Shadow? Line 2 - Loved by Egyptian farmers (because it's flipping hot there), Line 3 - a shadow cast by a tower, Line 4 - nighttime
I think the answer is, going by all you have given me:
rain
Are you:
Nutritions/Food?
It is I all should thank who gives you so much power
Food gives us strength.
In the age of the ankh I was loved by the sower
The sower were always hunger and happy to get food.
High up the firmament beyond the greatest tower
Food used to be locked up (such as grain) in huge towers by the wealthy.
Be it any instant half a world I devour
Half the world is in hunger, so without the food they devour.