WLOG the fleas start at the corners of the unit square, with A at $(0,0)$, B at $(1,0)$, C at $(1,1)$, and D at $(0,1)$. I claim that after $n$ jumps, A will be at $(\frac{2a_1}{3^n},\frac{2a_2}{3^n})$, B will be at $(\frac{2b_1+1}{3^n},\frac{2b_2}{3^n})$, C will be at $(\frac{2c_1+1}{3^n},\frac{2c_2+1}{3^n})$, and D will be at $(\frac{2d_1}{3^n},\frac{2d_2+1}{3^n})$ for some integers $a_1,a_2,b_1,b_2,c_1,c_2,d_1,d_2$.
This is true in the starting position, with $n=0$. Now suppose that it is true after $n$ jumps, and A jumps next. The centroid of B, C, and D is $(\frac{2b_1+1+2c_1+1+2d_1}{3^{n+1}},\frac{2b_2+2c_2+1+2d_2+1}{3^{n+1}})$, and A ends up at the point $(\frac{4b_1+4c_1+4d_1+4-6a_1}{3^{n+1}},\frac{4b_2+4c_2+4d_2+4-6a_2}{3^{n+1}})=(\frac{2(2b_1+2c_1+2d_1+2-3a_1)}{3^{n+1}},\frac{2(2b_2+2c_2+2d_2+2-3a_2)}{3^{n+1}})$. Meanwhile, B stays at $(\frac{2b_1+1}{3^n},\frac{2b_2}{3^n})=(\frac{2(3b_1+1)+1}{3^{n+1}},\frac{2(3b_2)}{3^{n+1}})$, and similarly for C and D.
Similar calculations show that if B, C, or D jumps instead of A, the claim still holds. Therefore it holds for all $n$.
Therefore no two fleas can ever be at the same position, because at least one coordinate's numerator would have to be both even and odd.