I have a potential rule set, that almost allows for manual-solving using normal sudoku-like deductions:
Each 4x4 region must contain every number from 1-16 exactly once.
Mirrored pairs of rows/columns (R1+R8, R2+R7 etc.) must also contain every number from 1-16 exactly once.
Applying those rules gets me to the following position.
10 8 14 3 | 16 6 7/11 9
2 13 7 6 | 5 1 15 4/8
12 1 15 11 | 4/7 2 10 14
16 5 4 9 | 13 8/11 12 3
------------------+------------------
15 6 8/11 14 | 1 10 2 7
5 3 13 4/7 | 8 9 16 6
4/8 9 16 10 | 12 3 14 11
1 7/11 12 2 | 15 5 4 13
Which has two valid solutions:
10 8 14 3 | 16 6 7 9
2 13 7 6 | 5 1 15 8
12 1 15 11 | 4 2 10 14
16 5 4 9 | 13 11 12 3
---------------+---------------
15 6 8 14 | 1 10 2 7
5 3 13 7 | 8 9 16 6
4 9 16 10 | 12 3 14 11
1 11 12 2 | 15 5 4 13
and
10 8 14 3 | 16 6 11 9
2 13 7 6 | 5 1 15 4
12 1 15 11 | 7 2 10 14
16 5 4 9 | 13 8 12 3
---------------+---------------
15 6 11 14 | 1 10 2 7
5 3 13 4 | 8 9 16 6
8 9 16 10 | 12 3 14 11
1 7 12 2 | 15 5 4 13
So either the I have the rules wrong, or I've made a mistake during solving.