For a natural number $x$ both, the digit sum of $x$ and the digit sum of $x+1$ are multiples of $7$. What is the smallest possible $x$?
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$\begingroup$ "0∉N" That is false. $\endgroup$– AcccumulationCommented Jan 8, 2019 at 19:57
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$\begingroup$ $0 \notin \mathbb N$ is true or false depending on the application/author/etc. $\endgroup$– user33097Commented Jan 8, 2019 at 21:01
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1$\begingroup$ Before anyone starts a religious war I better delete this statement. rot13(Vg jnf naljnl bayl zrnag gb thvqr crbcyr vagb gur jebat qverpgvba.) $\endgroup$– A. P.Commented Jan 8, 2019 at 21:45
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2 Answers
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69999 (42) and 70000 (7)
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No two consecutive integers are both multiples of 7, so this needs to take place at a rollover.
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Rolling over a single 9 drops the digit sum by 8, which isn't a multiple of 7 either.
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Similarly, if Y=X+1, X99->Y00 drops by 17 and X999->Y000 drops 26.
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X9999 to Y0000 is the first drop (35) which is itself a multiple of 7...
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Any number of 9's that's congruent mod 7 to 4 will work, but they'll be much larger, so the first instance must roll over 4 9's.
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From there, all that remains is to find the first multiple of 10000 with an appropriate digit sum.
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My initial, less confidence-inspiring method just recognized that 7*10^n was a likely candidate for x+1, and so I started appending 9's to a single 6 until the sum worked out...
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1$\begingroup$ As this is a 'no-computers' puzzle, could you elaborate on how you find this number? Most likely you will also see whether it's minimal if you go through these steps. $\endgroup$– A. P.Commented Jan 7, 2019 at 21:37
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Suppose x+1 is of the form a*10^n, where the last digit of a is not 0. Then both digitsum(a) and digitsum(a-1)+9*n are multiples of 7. Since digitsum(a-1) = digitsum(a)-1, and the difference between any two multiples of 7 is itself a multiple of 7, we have that 9*n-1 is a multiple of 7. 9*n-1 = (7+2)n-1 = 7n+2n-1, which is a multiple of 7 iff 2n-1 is a multiple of 7. So for the smallest number, we should take 2n-1 = 7, which makes n equal to 4. The smallest possible value of a is 7, giving x = 69999.
