The word is probably:
Semester.
The endless semen, not many polyester makes not me —
the heart's duplicated of a studious half-year.
Seme(n)+polyester-poly(=many) gives semester, which is almost the word with the central letter
e
duplicated. Of course, "studious half-year "year" is what it means.
What comes after semi without individuality, I call the heart.
Next, yes!
Easter has come! Oh no...not in full. The very beginning's quite missing.
Semi-I(individuality)+(y)es+(eas)ter also yields the same word. The letter coming after sem(i),
e
is the heart, or the centre of the word.
Vow and take a well. The con with an ant.
Either will do. But no half-bloodsblood will I stand.
Likely refers to the
y
that got removed. It's not a vowel (vow... well) or consonant (con...ant) , but a "half-blood".