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May 4, 2015 at 22:40 history edited Lawrence CC BY-SA 3.0
Propagate P's fever-free status through the answer to leave 4 states, not 5.
May 3, 2015 at 17:30 comment added Lawrence @Lopsy Good point. The probabilities aren't going to be nice and simple fifths.
May 3, 2015 at 15:39 comment added Lopsy But once the first pirate proposes that uneven split, all the other pirates know that he isn't the one with the fever, so all the fever probabilities change to 1/4. Also, whenever a proposal is voted no, the result of the vote may give some pirates information about who might have the fever.
May 3, 2015 at 14:34 history edited Lawrence CC BY-SA 3.0
Reformatted for clarity, clarified how expected earnings is calculated.
May 2, 2015 at 9:37 comment added Lawrence @JS1 "as if they know exactly who has the fever" - they don't know who has the fever. However, they can consider each possibility and weight the payouts by the probability of it happening, which produces the "expected number".
May 2, 2015 at 9:28 history edited Lawrence CC BY-SA 3.0
Elaborated on the use of "expected number".
May 2, 2015 at 9:20 comment added JS1 I don't think you can calculate expected earnings based on future proposals that can never actually happen. I think the flaw is that you are making each person do their proposals as if they know exactly who has the fever.
May 2, 2015 at 9:16 comment added Lawrence @JS1 I think the answer holds at R. The $269:31:0$ split is conditional on RS being both fever-free. If S has the fever, R's proposal would be an even split. Of course, R doesn't know who has the fever, so the calculations up to QRST are only for the purpose of calculating the expected earnings. Only P makes an actual (single) proposal.
May 2, 2015 at 9:09 history edited Lawrence CC BY-SA 3.0
added 183 characters in body
May 2, 2015 at 9:03 comment added JS1 I don't think R can propose 269:31:0. Because what if S has the fever, then R will get killed. I think R's motivation must be to survive first, grab more coins second.
May 2, 2015 at 8:49 history edited Lawrence CC BY-SA 3.0
deleted 127 characters in body
May 2, 2015 at 8:44 history answered Lawrence CC BY-SA 3.0