During the thinking and analysis of some mathematical problems, I came up with this puzzle:
Just like any magic square, one has to fill in $9$ different numbers $P_1, P_2, \dots P_9$ to a $3 \times 3$ grid. But this time, all the numbers must be different prime numbers. In addition, the $8$ sums ($3$ horizontal, $3$ vertical and $2$ diagonal) must not only be different prime numbers among themselves, but also be different from the $9$ numbers in the grid. In other words, $P_1, P_2, \dots, P_9, S_1, S_2, \dots, S_8$ must be all different prime numbers.
I suppose there are infinitely many solutions, so the challenge is to minimize the sum $S_1 + S_2 + \dots + S_8$. Here is one answer I found:
The total of the $8$ sums is $480$. I believe there are very likely solutions that can beat this total, but I don't know the optimal solution of this puzzle. You are welcome to have a try.
Update (plus Spoiler Alert): It was verified (using computer program) that one of the answers here (the accepted answer) is the optimal solution that cannot be beaten. There are $8$ optimal solutions, but actually they are the same because if you rotate one of the solutions by $90$, $180$ and $270$ degrees, and also horizontally flip each of the resulting grid, you will get all $8$ answers. Hence the "open-ended" tag has been removed.
